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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">OSRAM Licht AG</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DE000LED4000 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> / <a href="Photonics" title="Photonics">Photonics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Auergesellschaft" title="Auergesellschaft">Auergesellschaft</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1919<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919-07-01</span>)</span> (<a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="AMS-Osram" title="AMS-Osram">ams-OSRAM AG</a> (80,3%)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2020–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Osram_Opto_Semiconductors_GmbH" title="Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH">Osram Opto Semiconductors</a></li><li><a href="OSRAM_Sylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="OSRAM Sylvania">OSRAM Sylvania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams-osram.com">www<wbr>.ams-osram<wbr>.com</a></span> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram.com">www<wbr>.osram<wbr>.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>OSRAM Licht AG</b> is a German company that makes <a href="Electric_light" title="Electric light">electric lights</a>, headquartered in <a href="Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="Premst%C3%A4tten" title="Premstätten">Premstätten</a> (Austria). OSRAM positions itself as a high-tech <a href="Photonics" title="Photonics">photonics</a> company that is increasingly focusing on <a href="Sensor" title="Sensor">sensor</a> technology, visualization and treatment by light.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company serves customers in the consumer, automotive, healthcare and industrial technology sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operating company of OSRAM is <b>OSRAM GmbH</b>.

</p><p>Osram was founded in 1919 by the merger of the lighting businesses of <a href="Auergesellschaft" title="Auergesellschaft">Auergesellschaft</a>, <a href="Siemens_%26_Halske" title="Siemens & Halske">Siemens & Halske</a> and <a href="AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft</a> (AEG). Osram was a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG from 1978 to 2013. On 5 July 2013, Osram was spun off from <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, and the listing of its stock began on <a href="Frankfurt_Stock_Exchange" title="Frankfurt Stock Exchange">Frankfurt Stock Exchange</a> on 8 July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osram's business with conventional light sources was spun off in 2016 under the name <a href="LEDVANCE" class="mw-redirect" title="LEDVANCE">Ledvance</a> and sold to a Chinese consortium.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>After a bidding war<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a>, Osram was taken over by Austrian company <a href="Ams_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Ams AG">AMS</a> in July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, the company has operated under the name <b><a href="AMS_Osram" class="mw-redirect" title="AMS Osram">AMS Osram</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The name is derived from <i><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a></i> and <i>Wolfram</i>, German for <a href="Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>. Both elements were commonly used for lighting filaments at the time the company was founded.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In 1906, the Osram <a href="Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent lamp</a> was developed by <a href="Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a>. The brand name of Osram was first used in 1906 and registered by the Deutsche Gasglühlicht-Anstalt (also known as Auer-Gesellschaft).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

The British <a href="General_Electric_Company_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="General Electric Company plc">General Electric Company</a> imported Osram filaments for their own production of light bulbs. In 1919, <a href="Siemens_%26_Halske" title="Siemens & Halske">Auergesellschaft, Siemens & Halske</a> and <a href="AEG_(German_company)" title="AEG (German company)">Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft</a> (AEG) combined their electric-lamp production with the formation of the company Osram.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Following the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, co-founder William Meinhardt and the other Jewish members of the managing board were forced to step down. During the rule of his successor, Hermann Schlüpmann, organisations close to the <a href="Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>, such as <a href="German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">DAF</a>, became increasingly influential among the company's workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 112–116">: 112–116 </span></sup> In March 1933, Osram funded 40,000 <a href="Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">ℛ︁ℳ︁</a> for a <a href="Secret_Meeting_of_20_February_1933" title="Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933">secret campaign fund</a> of German industrialists in support the Nazi Party.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During World War II, Osram used <a href="Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> in their plants in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the bombing of Berlin, production was partially relocated to eastern German cities from 1942 onward. The production of <a href="Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> and <a href="Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> products, which were classified as important for the war effort, was outsourced to the city of <a href="Plauen" title="Plauen">Plauen</a>. Following arrangements between Osram officials and members of the <a href="Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>, two subcamps of <a href="Flossenb%C3%BCrg_concentration_camp" title="Flossenbürg concentration camp">Flossenbürg concentration camp</a> were installed next to the factory site to secure the company's supply of slave labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 393">: 393 </span></sup> In a subcamp in <a href="Leitmeritz_concentration_camp" title="Leitmeritz concentration camp">Leitzmeritz</a>, prisoners were used to build underground facilities as part of the secret project <i><a href="Richard_II_(factory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard II (factory)">Richard II</a></i> to secure the production of molybdenum and tungsten during air raids.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 362">: 362 </span></sup> At least 4,500 prisoners died in the camp, while Osram never moved into the space due to the course of war.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1993, <a href="Osram_Sylvania" title="Osram Sylvania">Osram Sylvania</a>, a <a href="North_American" class="mw-redirect" title="North American">North American</a> division, was established with the acquisition of <a href="GTE" title="GTE">GTE</a>'s <a href="Osram_Sylvania" title="Osram Sylvania">Sylvania</a> lighting division. Osram Sylvania manufactures and markets a wide range of lighting products for homes, business, and vehicles and holds the largest share of the North American lighting market.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fiscal year 2006, the company achieved sales of about 2 billion euros, which comprised 43% of total Osram sales.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

In 2019, Osram sold Sylvania to <a href="Wesco_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesco International">Wesco International</a>, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1998, Osram acquired the lamp business of ECE Industries India for $9.55 million. In 2009, Osram acquired Traxon Technologies. In 2011, Osram acquired Siteco.

</p><p>On 8 July 2013 <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> spun Osram off, and Osram listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

</p><p>On 3 March 2021, <a href="Ams_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Ams AG">ams AG</a> announced that the Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (“DPLTA”) between AMS Offer GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMS AG, the parent company of AMS Group, and Osram Licht AG (“Osram”), became effective on that day. The combined company focuses on optical systems and serves the entire value chain including sensing, visualization and illumination, with products ranging from emitters to sensors and software.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2></div>

<p>Osram is a <a href="Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a> with headquarters in <a href="Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, with around 34,000 employees throughout the world. Osram has operations in over 120 countries.

</p><p>In fiscal year 2019, Osram's business model was operationally implemented in three business units: Opto Semiconductors, Automotive and Digital.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opto_Semiconductors">Opto Semiconductors</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Osram_Opto_Semiconductors_GmbH" title="Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH">Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH</a></div>

<p>The Opto Semiconductors Business Unit provides opto semiconductors, which are crucial elements in lighting, visualization, and sensor technology. Osram Opto Semiconductors offers a wide range of LEDs in the low-power, mid-power, high-power, and ultra-high-power classes that are used in general lighting, automotive, consumer, and industrial applications as well as infrared, laser and optical sensors. The main market for these components are the automotive sector, smartphones, wearables, general lighting, lighting for plants, industrial lighting, and projection.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automotive">Automotive</h3></div>

<p>The Automotive Business Unit develops and produces lamps; light modules; and sensors for auto makers and their suppliers and the spare parts <a href="Automotive_aftermarket" title="Automotive aftermarket">aftermarket</a>.

</p><p>Up to the beginning of the fiscal year 2019, the automotive and other areas of business comprised the Specialty Lighting Business Unit. As part of a reorganization and the subsequent renaming of the business unit as AM, these other areas of business have been incorporated into the Digital Business Unit.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital">Digital</h3></div>

<p>The Digital Business Unit was established at the start of the fiscal year 2019. It handles all of Osram's business activities that use digital technologies.

</p><p>The former Lighting Solutions Business Unit was dissolved at the start of the fiscal year 2019. Traxon's business was incorporated into the new Digital Business Unit. The European luminaire business (Siteco) and the North American luminaire service business are reported as discontinued operations.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div>

<ul><li>German football manager <a href="Jupp_Heynckes" title="Jupp Heynckes">Jupp Heynckes</a> was nicknamed "Osram" because his face would sometimes redden under the stress of matches.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="EnOcean" title="EnOcean">EnOcean</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">Fluorescent lamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoebus_cartel" title="Phoebus cartel">Phoebus cartel</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903043658/http://www.osram.de/media/resource/HIRES/334234/4886132/geschichte---100-jahre-osram.pdf">"100 Jahre OSRAM: Licht hat einen Namen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Osram.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osram.de/media/resource/HIRES/334234/4886132/geschichte---100-jahre-osram.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams-osram.com/news/press-releases/delisting_result">"ams OSRAM announces successful delisting offer and forthcoming delisting of OSRAM shares"</a>. <i>ams-osram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram-group.com/en/our-company/our-mission">"#TheNewOSRAM - the high-tech photonics company"</a>. OSRAM. 25 November 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams-osram.com/news">"ams & OSRAM news"</a>. Ams AG. 3 March 2021.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledsmagazine.com/home/article/16697260/osram-shares-begin-trading-on-the-frankfurt-and-munich-stock-exchanges">"Osram shares begin trading on the Frankfurt and Munich Stock Exchanges"</a>. LEDs Magazine. 8 July 2013.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram-group.com/en/media/press-releases/pr-2016/26-07-2016">"Ad hoc: Osram finds best owner for lamps business"</a>. OSRAM. 25 November 2020.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wesco.investorroom.com/2019-01-16-WESCO-International-Inc-Acquires-OSRAMs-Sylvania-Lighting-Solutions#:~:text=(NYSE%3A%20WCC)%2C%20a,acquire%20certain%20assets%20of%20Sylvania">"WESCO International, Inc. Acquires OSRAM's Sylvania Lighting Solutions"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ams.com/-/dplta-effective">"ams Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with OSRAM in force"</a>. Ams AG. 3 March 2021.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">"Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">"Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119055045/https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">"Annual Report of OSRAM Licht Group - Fiscal Year 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osram-group.com/~/media/Files/O/Osram/Investor%20Relations/Annual%20Report/2019/2019_en_osram_annual_report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/sport/fussball/0,1518,254225,00.html">""Osram" soll Schalke wieder strahlen lassen"</a>. <i>Spiegel Online</i> (in German). 24 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Siemens509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Divisions and<br>subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_Digital_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens Digital Industries">Digital Industries</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_Digital_Industries_Software" title="Siemens Digital Industries Software">Siemens Digital Industries Software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Smart_Infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens Smart Infrastructure">Smart Infrastructure</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_Building_Technologies" title="Siemens Building Technologies">Siemens Building Technologies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Mobility" title="Siemens Mobility">Siemens Mobility</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Financial_Services" title="Siemens Financial Services">Siemens Financial Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Healthineers" title="Siemens Healthineers">Siemens Healthineers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Varian_Medical_Systems" title="Varian Medical Systems">Varian Medical Systems</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Former &<br>defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C._A._Parsons_and_Company" title="C. A. Parsons and Company">C. A. Parsons and Company</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Dispolok" title="Dispolok">Dispolok</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Duewag" title="Duewag">Duewag</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Helios_AG" title="Helios AG">Helios</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Infineon_Technologies" title="Infineon Technologies">Infineon Technologies</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Mentor_Graphics" title="Mentor Graphics">Mentor Graphics</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Roke_Manor_Research" title="Roke Manor Research">Roke Manor Research</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Communications" title="Siemens Communications">Siemens Communications</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Dematic" title="Dematic">Siemens Dematic</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Gigaset_Communications" title="Gigaset Communications">Siemens Home & Office Communication Devices</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Hearing_Instruments" title="Siemens Hearing Instruments">Siemens Hearing Instruments</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Atos_Information_Technology_Incorporated" title="Atos Information Technology Incorporated">Siemens IT Solutions & Services</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Mobile" title="Siemens Mobile">Siemens Mobile</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Primetals_Technologies" title="Primetals Technologies">Siemens VAI</a><sup>1</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Nixdorf" title="Siemens Nixdorf">Siemens Nixdorf</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Plessey" title="Siemens Plessey">Siemens Plessey</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="VDO_(company)" title="VDO (company)">Siemens VDO</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Wincor_Nixdorf" title="Wincor Nixdorf">Wincor Nixdorf</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Energy" title="Siemens Energy">Siemens Energy</a><sup>2</sup>

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_Energy_Sector" title="Siemens Energy Sector">Energy Sector</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Gamesa" title="Siemens Gamesa">Siemens Gamesa</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Joint ventures &<br>investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Framatome" title="Framatome">Areva NP</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(34%)</span></li>

<li><a href="BSH_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="BSH Hausgeräte">BSH Bosch & Siemens Home Appliances</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gaggenau_Hausger%C3%A4te" title="Gaggenau Hausgeräte">Gaggenau</a></li>

<li><a href="Eurotrain" title="Eurotrain">Eurotrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Fujitsu_Siemens_Computers" title="Fujitsu Siemens Computers">Fujitsu Siemens Computers</a></li>

<li><a href="KraussMaffei" title="KraussMaffei">KraussMaffei</a></li>

<li><a href="Nokia_Networks" title="Nokia Networks">Nokia Siemens Networks</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(49.9%)</span></li>

<li><a href="PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(50%)</span></li>

<li><a href="TDK_Electronics" title="TDK Electronics">Siemens Matsushita Components</a></li>

<li><a href="Unify_(company)" title="Unify (company)">Unify</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(49%)</span></li>

<li><a href="Primetals_Technologies" title="Primetals Technologies">Primetals Technologies</a><sup>2</sup></li>

<li><a href="German_Shanghai_Metro_Group" title="German Shanghai Metro Group">German Shanghai Metro Group</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_%26_Halske" title="Siemens & Halske">Siemens & Halske</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens-Schuckert" title="Siemens-Schuckert">Siemens-Schuckert</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Communications#History" title="Siemens Communications">Siemens-Reiniger-Werke</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="List_of_Siemens_products" title="List of Siemens products">Products</a>,<br>services &<br>projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FINEX_(steelmaking_process)" title="FINEX (steelmaking process)">FINEX</a></li>

<li>Locomotives</li>

<li>Multiple units</li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Modular_Metro" title="Siemens Modular Metro">Siemens Modular Metro</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Inspiro" title="Siemens Inspiro">Siemens Inspiro</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Desiro" title="Siemens Desiro">Siemens Desiro</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_SP260D" title="Siemens SP260D">Siemens SP260D</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_SP90G" title="Siemens SP90G">Siemens SP90G</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Velaro" title="Siemens Velaro">Siemens Velaro</a></li>

<li><a href="Simatic" title="Simatic">Simatic</a></li>

<li>Software products</li>

<li>Tram vehicles</li>

<li>Mobility projects</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Elektrische_Viktoria" title="Elektrische Viktoria">Elektrische Viktoria</a></li>

<li>Mobile phones</li>

<li><a href="SIMpad" title="SIMpad">SIMpad</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roland_Busch" title="Roland Busch">Roland Busch</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilfried_Feldenkirchen" title="Wilfried Feldenkirchen">Wilfried Feldenkirchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Karlheinz_Kaske" title="Karlheinz Kaske">Karlheinz Kaske</a></li>

<li><a href="Klaus_Kleinfeld" title="Klaus Kleinfeld">Klaus Kleinfeld</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_L%C3%B6scher" title="Peter Löscher">Peter Löscher</a></li>

<li><a href="Bernhard_Plettner" title="Bernhard Plettner">Bernhard Plettner</a></li>

<li><a href="Heinrich_von_Pierer" title="Heinrich von Pierer">Heinrich von Pierer</a></li>

<li><a href="Jim_Reid-Anderson" title="Jim Reid-Anderson">Jim Reid-Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="Erich_Reinhardt" title="Erich Reinhardt">Erich Reinhardt</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernst_von_Siemens" title="Ernst von Siemens">Ernst von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Friedrich_von_Siemens" title="Carl Friedrich von Siemens">Carl Friedrich von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Heinrich_von_Siemens" title="Carl Heinrich von Siemens">Carl Heinrich von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermann_von_Siemens" title="Hermann von Siemens">Hermann von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Werner_von_Siemens" title="Werner von Siemens">Werner von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Georg_Wilhelm_von_Siemens" title="Georg Wilhelm von Siemens">Georg Wilhelm von Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Carl_Wilhelm_Siemens" title="Carl Wilhelm Siemens">Carl Wilhelm Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerd_Tacke" title="Gerd Tacke">Gerd Tacke</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gro%C3%9Fsiedlung_Siemensstadt" title="Großsiedlung Siemensstadt">Großsiedlung Siemensstadt</a></li>

<li><a href="Northampton_Kings_Heath_Siemens_Depot" title="Northampton Kings Heath Siemens Depot">Northampton Kings Heath Siemens Depot</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Goole" title="Siemens Goole">Siemens Goole</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemensstadt" title="Siemensstadt">Siemensstadt</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Phoebus_cartel" title="Phoebus cartel">Phoebus cartel</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Competition" title="Siemens Competition">Siemens Competition</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Foundation" title="Siemens Foundation">Siemens Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Hague_Open" title="The Hague Open">Siemens Open</a></li>

<li>Siemens scandals

<ul><li><a href="Siemens_scandal" title="Siemens scandal">Japan, 1914</a></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_Greek_bribery_scandal" title="Siemens Greek bribery scandal">Greece, 2008</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Siemens_and_unions" title="Siemens and unions">Siemens and unions</a></li>

<li><a href="Werner_von_Siemens_Ring" title="Werner von Siemens Ring">Werner von Siemens Ring</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Siemens_products" title="List of Siemens products">List of Siemens products</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><sup>1</sup><i>Now integrated into other Siemens divisions or business groupings</i></li>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siemens" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Siemens">Commons</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glass_makers_and_brands101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Glass_makers_and_brands101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Glass makers and brands</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current<br> companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anchor_Hocking" title="Anchor Hocking">Anchor Hocking</a></li>

<li><a href="Arc_Holdings" title="Arc Holdings">Arc Holdings</a></li>

<li><a href="Ardagh_Group" title="Ardagh Group">Ardagh Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Asahi_Glass_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Glass Co.">Asahi</a></li>

<li><a href="Aurora_Glass_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora Glass Foundry">Aurora Glass Foundry</a></li>

<li><a href="Baccarat_(company)" title="Baccarat (company)">Baccarat</a></li>

<li><a href="Barovier_%26_Toso" title="Barovier & Toso">Barovier & Toso</a></li>

<li><a href="Berengo_Studio" title="Berengo Studio">Berengo Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Blenko_Glass_Company" title="Blenko Glass Company">Blenko Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Bodum" title="Bodum">Bodum</a></li>

<li><a href="Bormioli_Rocco" title="Bormioli Rocco">Bormioli Rocco</a></li>

<li><a href="Borosil" title="Borosil">Borosil</a></li>

<li><a href="Caithness_Glass" title="Caithness Glass">Caithness Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Corning_Inc." title="Corning Inc.">Corning</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystalex" title="Crystalex">Crystalex</a></li>

<li><a href="Dartington_Crystal" title="Dartington Crystal">Dartington Crystal</a></li>

<li><a href="Duralex" title="Duralex">Duralex</a></li>

<li><a href="Fenton_Art_Glass_Company" title="Fenton Art Glass Company">Fenton Art Glass Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Firozabad#Industry" title="Firozabad">Firozabad glass industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Franz_Mayer_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Mayer & Co.">Franz Mayer</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuyao_Group" title="Fuyao Group">Fuyao</a></li>

<li><a href="Glava" title="Glava">Glava</a></li>

<li><a href="Glaverbel" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaverbel">Glaverbel</a></li>

<li><a href="Guardian_Industries" title="Guardian Industries">Guardian Industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Hadeland_Glassverk" title="Hadeland Glassverk">Hadeland</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardman_%26_Co." title="Hardman & Co.">Hardman & Co.</a></li>

<li><a href="Holmegaard_Glass_Factory" title="Holmegaard Glass Factory">Holmegaard Glassworks</a></li>

<li><a href="Holophane" title="Holophane">Holophane</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Crystal" title="Kingdom of Crystal">Kingdom of Crystal</a></li>

<li><a href="Kokomo_Opalescent_Glass_Works" title="Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works">Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosta_Boda" title="Kosta Boda">Kosta Boda</a></li>

<li><a href="Libbey_Incorporated" title="Libbey Incorporated">Libbey</a></li>

<li><a href="Liuli_Gongfang" title="Liuli Gongfang">Liuli Gongfang</a></li>

<li><a href="Iittala" title="Iittala">Iittala</a></li>

<li><a href="Luoyang_Glass" title="Luoyang Glass">Luoyang</a></li>

<li><a href="Johns_Manville" title="Johns Manville">Johns Manville</a></li>

<li><a href="Mannok" title="Mannok">Mannok</a></li>

<li><a href="Mats_Jonasson" title="Mats Jonasson">Mats Jonasson Målerås</a></li>

<li><a href="Moser_(glass_company)" title="Moser (glass company)">Moser Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosser_Glass" title="Mosser Glass">Mosser Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Nippon_Sheet_Glass" title="Nippon Sheet Glass">Nippon Sheet Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Ni%C5%BEbor_glassworks" title="Nižbor glassworks">Nižbor glassworks</a></li>

<li><a href="O-I_Glass" title="O-I Glass">O-I Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Ohara_Corporation" title="Ohara Corporation">Ohara</a></li>

<li><a href="Orrefors_glassworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrefors glassworks">Orrefors</a></li>

<li><a href="Owens_Corning" title="Owens Corning">Owens Corning</a></li>

<li><a href="Pauly_%26_C._%E2%80%93_Compagnia_Venezia_Murano" title="Pauly & C. – Compagnia Venezia Murano">Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano</a></li>

<li><a href="Phu_Phong_Glass_Joint_Stock_Company" title="Phu Phong Glass Joint Stock Company">Phu Phong</a></li>

<li><a href="Pilkington" title="Pilkington">Pilkington</a></li>

<li><a href="PPG_Industries" title="PPG Industries">PPG Industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Preciosa_(corporation)" title="Preciosa (corporation)">Preciosa</a></li>

<li><a href="Riedel_(glass_manufacturer)" title="Riedel (glass manufacturer)">Riedel</a></li>

<li><a href="Royal_Brierley" title="Royal Brierley">Royal Brierley</a></li>

<li><a href="Saint-Gobain" title="Saint-Gobain">Saint-Gobain</a></li>

<li><a href="Saint-Louis_(glass_manufacturer)" title="Saint-Louis (glass manufacturer)">Saint-Louis</a></li>

<li><a href="Seguso" title="Seguso">Seguso</a></li>

<li><a href="Schott_AG" title="Schott AG">Schott</a></li>

<li><a href="Sterlite_Technologies" title="Sterlite Technologies">Sterlite Optical Technologies</a></li>

<li><a href="Steuben_Glass_Works" title="Steuben Glass Works">Steuben</a></li>

<li><a href="Swarovski" title="Swarovski">Swarovski</a></li>

<li><a href="Val_Saint_Lambert" title="Val Saint Lambert">Val Saint Lambert</a></li>

<li><a href="Vall%C3%A9rysthal" title="Vallérysthal">Vallérysthal</a></li>

<li><a href="Waterford_Crystal" title="Waterford Crystal">Waterford</a></li>

<li><a href="Watts_%26_Co." title="Watts & Co.">Watts & Co.</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Kitchen" class="mw-redirect" title="World Kitchen">World Kitchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Xinyi_Glass" title="Xinyi Glass">Xinyi Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Zwiesel_Kristallglas" title="Zwiesel Kristallglas">Zwiesel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br> companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_defunct_glassmaking_companies" title="List of defunct glassmaking companies">List of defunct glassmaking companies</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glassmakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Adams_(glassmaker)" title="John Adams (glassmaker)">John Adams</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_M._Atwater" title="Richard M. Atwater">Richard M. Atwater</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederick_Carder" title="Frederick Carder">Frederick Carder</a></li>

<li><a href="Irving_Wightman_Colburn" title="Irving Wightman Colburn">Irving Wightman Colburn</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Crimmel" title="Henry Crimmel">Henry Crimmel</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_family" title="Friedrich family">Friedrich</a></li>

<li><a href="A._H._Heisey" title="A. H. Heisey">A. H. Heisey</a></li>

<li><a href="Deming_Jarves" title="Deming Jarves">Deming Jarves</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Libbey" title="Edward Libbey">Edward D. Libbey</a></li>

<li><a href="Dante_Marioni" title="Dante Marioni">Dante Marioni</a></li>

<li><a href="Antonio_Neri" title="Antonio Neri">Antonio Neri</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Joseph_Owens" title="Michael Joseph Owens">Michael Joseph Owens</a></li>

<li><a href="Alastair_Pilkington" title="Alastair Pilkington">Alastair Pilkington</a></li>

<li><a href="Flavio_Poli" title="Flavio Poli">Flavio Poli</a></li>

<li><a href="Salviati_(glassmakers)" title="Salviati (glassmakers)">Salviati</a></li>

<li><a href="Otto_Schott" title="Otto Schott">Otto Schott</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_William_Stiegel" title="Henry William Stiegel">Henry William Stiegel</a></li>

<li><a href="S._Donald_Stookey" title="S. Donald Stookey">S. Donald Stookey</a></li>

<li><a href="Lino_Tagliapietra" title="Lino Tagliapietra">Lino Tagliapietra</a></li>

<li><a href="W._E._S._Turner" title="W. E. S. Turner">W. E. S. Turner</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomasz_Urbanowicz" title="Tomasz Urbanowicz">Tomasz Urbanowicz</a></li>

<li><a href="Paolo_Venini" title="Paolo Venini">Paolo Venini</a></li>

<li><a href="John_M._Whitall" title="John M. Whitall">John M. Whitall</a></li>

<li><a href="Caspar_Wistar_(glassmaker)" title="Caspar Wistar (glassmaker)">Caspar Wistar</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trademarks<br> and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Self-cleaning_glass" title="Self-cleaning glass">Activ</a></li>

<li><a href="Bohemian_glass" title="Bohemian glass">Bohemian</a></li>

<li><a href="Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Bomex/Duran/Endural</a></li>

<li><a href="Burmese_glass" title="Burmese glass">Burmese</a></li>

<li><a href="Chevron_bead" title="Chevron bead">Chevron bead</a></li>

<li><a href="Corelle" title="Corelle">Corelle</a></li>

<li><a href="CorningWare" title="CorningWare">CorningWare</a></li>

<li><a href="Cranberry_glass" title="Cranberry glass">Cranberry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cristallo" title="Cristallo">Cristallo</a></li>

<li><a href="Dragontrail" title="Dragontrail">Dragontrail</a></li>

<li><a href="Favrile_glass" title="Favrile glass">Favrile</a></li>

<li><a href="Forest_glass" title="Forest glass">Forest</a></li>

<li><a href="Gorilla_Glass" title="Gorilla Glass">Gorilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Macor" title="Macor">Macor</a></li>

<li><a href="Millefiori" title="Millefiori">Millefiori</a></li>

<li><a href="Murano_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Murano glass">Murano</a></li>

<li><a href="Opaline_glass" title="Opaline glass">Opaline</a></li>

<li><a href="Peking_glass" title="Peking glass">Peking</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrex" title="Pyrex">Pyrex</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravenhead_Glass" title="Ravenhead Glass">Ravenhead</a></li>

<li><a href="Satsuma_Kiriko_cut_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsuma Kiriko cut glass">Satsuma Kiriko</a></li>

<li><a href="Tiffany_glass" title="Tiffany glass">Tiffany</a></li>

<li><a href="Visions_(cookware)" title="Visions (cookware)">Visions</a></li>

<li><a href="Vitrite" title="Vitrite">Vitrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Vitrolite" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitrolite">Vitrolite</a></li>

<li><a href="Vycor" title="Vycor">Vycor</a></li>

<li><a href="Waterford_Crystal" title="Waterford Crystal">Waterford</a></li>

<li><a href="Zerodur" title="Zerodur">Zerodur</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310481#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1083" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310481#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1083" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406036485">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139358996">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048017575">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013073018">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="OSRAM (firma)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2010609068&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/36c16c4c-2fc8-4f23-9e12-2756de65fb49">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Osram&oldid=1304685130">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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